There have always been scams. The patent medicine con men in the late 1800s who touted elixirs that would grow hair and en-sure virility . . . used-car dealers who packed the transmission with sawdust . . . card sharps . . . carnival pitchmen . . . Florida real estate that was in the middle of a swamp . . . schemes selling processes that made gold or diamonds. The list is endless. America is a country that breeds invention, and certainly scams and swindles are part of that unique tradition.

The problem in 2001 is that the scam is alive and all too well. Tech-nology has advanced in quantum leaps, and the scam has matched that pace and sophistication. Whether it is 1901 or 2001, the swindler still appeals to the age-old weakness of greed. The following is an overview of the primary scams common today. Hopefully, if confronted, you will be able to recognize, avoid, and perhaps even expose a scam.

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